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祁峰–经典传世的驼峰

admin 发布于 2020年6月1日 评论(31) 阅读(602)

书画家祁峰

祁峰，这位自学成才在中国画坛以诗书画印堪称四绝，与黄胄齐名的著名艺术家，享有“天下第一驼”的美誉，奠定了他在中国书画界的领先地位。国内外许多著名评论家对他的艺术成果都做了科学、客观、公正的评价。他的艺术不但承载了自身的生命历程，诗书画印以颇具个性的特点独领风骚。尤其他笔下的骆驼、骏马、毛驴的创作，以独具特色的艺术魅力成为中国书画界一道引人注目的风景，让人敬慕。

在此，我们以最能代表他艺术创作水平的骆驼“踏遍大漠无对手”作以赏析，领略他的创作水平和艺术魅力。

书画家祁峰代表作“天下第一驼”

这是一幅在沙漠中昂然前行的孤驼，构图准确清新、疏朗明快、躯体沉稳、生动传神，骆驼忍辱负重，任重道远的精神跃然纸上。值得称道的是骆驼脚下的沙漠和四蹄开张有合，大步前行的姿态与四周开阔的空间和无垠的高天浑然一体，烘托出这峰傲骨不屈的骆驼高大的身影横空出世，给人以振奋、执着和自强不息的精神风骨。

从线条和着色上看，属于水墨大写意的创作作品。画面讲究”气韵生动”，不拘泥于骆驼外表的肖似，而多强调抒发作者的主观情趣。讲求”以形写神”，追求一种”妙在似与不似之间”的感觉 讲究笔墨神韵，素墨浓淡相兼，以渲染的效果和传统的皴法淡淡渗透，恰到好处的勾勒出骆驼刚柔的版块肌理和骨络，姿态肆意，毫无夸张，匠心独具的传神用笔，如四肢运笔简练，给人以着墨惜金，运笔有序的视角艺术效果。骆驼的身躯和四肢空白处，突出了“知白守黑”的创作原则。在分明流畅的线条和浓淡相兼的墨色渲染中，骆驼丰满的肌肉、鲜活的绒毛，在他的笔下都充分的表现出来了，恰到好处的表现了骆驼的精气神，画面韵味十足，给人以发自内心的震撼！

这幅骆驼疏朗有致的墨色效果和留白不是蓄意

而为的。中国画中的“留白”是以虚空传递出丰盈，于不着一墨中含蕴了不尽的风流。清代画家恽寿平曾在其《南田论画》中说到“须知千树万树，无一笔是树；千山万山，无一笔是山；千笔万笔，无一笔是笔。有处恰是无、无处恰是有”这句略带玄虚的话语却体悟出了中国书画艺术中的空灵精神，道出了蕴含在中国画中的久远而深邃的哲学思想。祁峰“留白”笔法的艺术手法与道家思想有着相似的吻合。老庄哲学思想认为宇宙是浑然一体的，故万物相合于道。宗白华在《艺境》中也曾指出：“以虚带实，虚中有实，虚实结合，这是中国美学思想的核心问题。”这幅骆驼中的“留白”不仅仅蕴含了祁峰寄情于景，心向于驼的“天人合一”的哲学思想，而且更重要的是通过骆驼这一载体，让骆驼的形象更加丰满，造就了一种超越自然、追求永恒的精神境界和美学思想。宋代郭熙在其《林泉高致》中说“：凡经营下笔，需留天地。何谓天地？有如一尺半幅之上，上留天之位，下留地之位，中间方才立意定景。”可见祁峰的这幅骆驼创作心态满眼是驼，在天地之间运筹摆阵，通过画驼表现了天、地、人、驼相互和谐的人文思想。清代华琳认为：“画到无痕时，直似纸上自然应有此画，直视纸上自然生出此画。”试观骆驼踏遍大漠署寒不惧甚至连续一月之久不饮不食，依然奋蹄前行。他挥毫生风，落笔卷沙。墨与笔、在他心中出入往来，荡漾在胸中，便产生如此绝妙之神品。显然，祁峰对天人合一的道家思想的认识论、方法论以及水墨的写意性有着不可低估的影响。画到无痕时，无画处之妙境，所有留白的线条、肌肉块面，恰到好处的生动传神，正是祁峰对中国道家天人合一认识论的认知和践行。　　

老子说：“知白守黑。虚处非先从实处极力不可，否则无由入画门。”又说：“用心于无笔墨之处，尤难学步，知白守黑，得其玄妙，未易言语形容。”黄宾虹曾说：“古人画诀有‘实处易，虚处难’六字秘传。”由此而言，祁峰在他的绘画技巧上，很好的掌握了虚与实，白与黑的辨证关系。虚难实易，整个骆驼在黑与白上他费了很大的心思和笔法，在“黑”上下功夫，在“白”上做文章。只有这样才能做到虚实相生，虚中有实，实中有虚。这幅骆驼最讲究一个“虚实”的运用，骆驼肌肉骨络虚实分明，成为搏虚的重要手段，画面上的“留白”和笔墨的极端简略，升华了意境的深度和广度，这好比一个圆环，其中是空白，而边缘是实的，环中的“白”则有无穷的回旋余地，庄子所谓“得其环中，以应无穷”、“唯道集虚”，讲的就是这个道理。又如齐白石作品《柳牛》，画面中柳条后面的“留白”宛如“烟柳弥漫”，又像“晴空一碧”或“水波荡漾”……任凭观画者做不背离画面意境的多种联想，让骆驼的画面在“留白”处勾画出无限的有形有色的形象，这种联想带出的意境即充实了骆驼肌肉骨络丰满的形象，显得骆驼生动传神，与沙漠、高天互生互得，挥然一体，使作品与观者产生共鸣。骆驼内在的、生命的、含蓄的意境之美油然而生。正因为他在画面寥寥数笔的“留白”才有如此容量，这是祁峰对历代画家“留白”深刻理解后的倍加经营，丰富了这幅骆驼的审美价值。

　　“墨分五色”，祁峰把握得如此洗练，使得这幅骆驼在单纯中表达丰富，在丰富中又归于单纯，用极为单纯的素墨黑白来表达骆驼的形象，他笔下的这些特点正体现了中国画的艺术内涵和艺术精神，是十分哲理化的表现。正如老子所说“：知白守黑，为天下式。”“黑”、“白”作为中国画种色彩对比的两极，赋予了中国画丰富含义和独特的审美价值。空白与墨色部分的恰当处理，虚实反差对比强烈，画面直观主体就更集中，形象就更引人注目。空白的地方，一是骆驼形体的需要，二是祁峰有意隐去不画但并非是不重要的部分。潘天寿先生曾不无感慨地说“：黑无白不显，白无黑不彰，故水墨之画，更不能离白色之底也。”祁峰以黑白的表现手法驾驭骆驼，是以少胜多、高于自然的艺术手法。实处之妙，皆因虚处而生，十分之三在整幅骆驼画面中布置得宜，十分之七在骆驼神态上大做文章。可见他的绘画之中的留白乃虚化的物象，是虽有物，但目力已穷，或为神气所吞的地方，笔虽未到意却先到。非有意留白，而是根据画面的需要，如骆驼的肚脐、腿部不得不虚化的部分，目的是为了更好地突出骆驼，表现意境。诗曰：“素以为绚兮”，素不但为绚而存在，实则素为绚而增灿烂之光彩。在这里祁峰的素墨表现手法得到了淋漓尽致的发挥。　　

整幅骆驼的墨色、留白与“气韵”、“虚实”、“意境”都得到了充分的发挥。历代中国画家把“气韵”作为绘画的最高艺术境界，毕生追求不懈。早在南朝齐画家谢赫把中国画的品评归纳为“六法”，其中排第一位的就是“气韵生动”。在掌握“气韵”方面，中国画上的“留白”起着不可忽视的重要作用。首先，“留白”的空灵感为气韵生动、形象传神，提供了更大的发挥空间。祁峰凭借在骆驼上留出的适宜的空白，看似普通，有些细小留白在一般人眼里是微不足道的，却起着决定性的作用。黄宾虹先生有句名言：“一炬之光，通体皆灵。”这些微小“留白”承托着骆驼画面灵魂的作用。

所以，这幅骆驼在香港展出后，被国内外许多专家、学者、艺术界的评论家、收藏界鼎力首推，《人民日报》海外版在2007年12月13日以“天下第一驼”的通栏标题整版推出，祁峰瞬间名扬海内外。

祁峰笔下的骆驼、毛驴、骏马千姿百态，妙趣横生，精品迭出，《百驼图》《百驴图》《百骏图》等长篇巨制，如大漠雄风，给中国书画界带来了勃勃生机。这幅“踏遍大漠无对手”的骆驼，其思想核心一是体现了骆驼不屈不挠，一往无前的精神风骨，二是体现了祁峰画驼勇攀高峰的雄心壮志，是祁峰心中浩瀚无垠沙漠驼队中难得的极品。我们应该充分肯定这幅骆驼在中国骆驼绘画史上已独占鳌头，走上了领先的地位，将永久载入中国绘画史册，成为经典传世的极品！

（全文3039字）

2020年5月16日于京华寓所

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